How much energy and water does artificial intelligence use: verified figures
In short: A text query to an AI assistant can use anywhere from 0.24 Wh, the median Google measured for Gemini, to more than 29 Wh in the most power-hungry models of an academic study. The gap comes from what gets counted, which model is measured and what task is asked. Data centers worldwide used about 415 TWh in 2024, 1.5% of global electricity, and the International Energy Agency projects about 945 TWh in 2030. For water, figures range from 0.26 ml to 45 ml per query depending on the scope of the measurement. Contents of this guide The key…












