Dismissal in Panama: Just Causes, Letter, Notice and Severance

Dismissal in Panama: Just Causes, Letter, Notice and Severance

In short: In Panama, an employer can dismiss a worker on an open-ended contract only for a just cause provided by law and following the formalities of the Labor Code (articles 211 to 214). The dismissal must be notified in writing, with the date and the specific causes. The 30-day notice, or its payment, is required by article 212 only when certain workers are dismissed without cause, such as those with under two years of service. Updated in October 2026 using the text that includes reforms up to Law 44 of 1995. Contents of this guide The general rule and…
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Cost of living in Panama by city: food basket, rent, utilities and salaries compared

Cost of living in Panama by city: food basket, rent, utilities and salaries compared

In short: living in Panama costs very different amounts depending on where. The basic food basket is 366 balboas a month in Panama City and 342 in the rest of the urban country, according to the Finance Ministry as of March 2026, but housing multiplies that gap: a two-bedroom apartment runs about 1,000 dollars in San Francisco or Costa del Este and 500 in David. Cumulative inflation to August 2026 was 2.1%, after a 2025 with slightly falling prices. The average salary is 756 dollars and only Colón, Panama and Panamá Oeste exceed it. This guide gathers official and market…
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Social security contributions in Panama: what the employee pays, what the employer pays and what changed

Social security contributions in Panama: what the employee pays, what the employer pays and what changed

In short: in Panama the employee contributes 9.75% of salary to the Social Security Fund and the employer 13.25% since April 2025, a rate that will rise to 14.25% in March 2027 and 15.25% in March 2029 under Law 462 of 2025. Added to that are the education insurance, 1.25% from the employee and 1.5% from the employer, and occupational risks, paid only by the company. The reform did not change the retirement age, 57 for women and 62 for men, nor the 240 contributions needed for a pension, but it created a system of individual accounts with a solidarity…
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JETOUR in numbers: what stands behind the brand and what it means for buyers in Panama

JETOUR in numbers: what stands behind the brand and what it means for buyers in Panama

In short: JETOUR is the SUV brand that the Chinese group Chery created in 2018. According to its own press releases, it sold 622,590 vehicles in 2025, 9.5% more than the previous year, and operates in more than 100 countries with over 2,000 sales and service points; Business Review credits it with more than 2.5 million cumulative customers as of August 2026. It assembles the T2 in Malaysia and Pakistan and has industrial projects in South Africa and Egypt. For anyone buying in Panama, that scale does not guarantee good service by itself, but it lowers the risk of the…
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JETOUR in Panama: models, warranty, branches and official distributor

JETOUR in Panama: models, warranty, branches and official distributor

In short: JETOUR is a Chinese SUV brand from the Chery group that is sold and backed in Panama by Petromotors, the official distributor, which also represents SOUEAST. Its local range comprises six models: the urban X50 and Dashing, the seven-seat X70 FL, the adventure-minded T1 and T2 and the G700 off-roader, an 892 hp plug-in hybrid. The warranty published by the distributor is 7 years or 200,000 km for the vehicle and 8 years or 150,000 km for the hybrid battery. The network has five showrooms, four in the metropolitan area and one in David. At the Panama Motor…
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How much does a car depreciate in Panama? Year-by-year table and the factors that weigh on resale

How much does a car depreciate in Panama? Year-by-year table and the factors that weigh on resale

In short: A new car in Panama loses value from the day it leaves the dealership, but there is no single official figure: the country has no public database of resale prices. As a general industry estimate, not a Panamanian measurement, a vehicle loses between 15% and 20% of its value in the first year and reaches the fifth with around half of its original price. The real pace depends on age, mileage, service history, remaining warranty, the supply of used units of the same model and confidence in workshops and parts. This guide explains how depreciation is measured, what…
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Is it worth buying a car at the Panama Motor Show 2026? What the ADAP figures say

Is it worth buying a car at the Panama Motor Show 2026? What the ADAP figures say

In short: buying a car at the Panama Motor Show 2026 suits anyone who arrives with the model decided and the paperwork ready, because more than 40 brands and more than 20 banks compete under one roof and fair conditions are usually the best of the year. It does not suit anyone who needs to test the car or compare calmly: there is almost never a test drive at the venue and closing pressure is high. The fact that changes the decision is that promotions do not end on 11 October: distributors themselves acknowledge they stay in the branches for…
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Néstor Romero brings GEO to the Quality Leadership University MBA in Panama

Néstor Romero brings GEO to the Quality Leadership University MBA in Panama

In short: Néstor Romero, researcher and chief operating officer of Centria Group, gave a series of master classes in June in the Master of Business Administration at Quality Leadership University (QLU) in Panama City. The subject was generative engine optimization (GEO) and how it differs from traditional SEO: in a search engine companies compete for a position in a list, in AI they compete for a place inside a single answer. Romero asked the future executives to keep one question in mind: when artificial intelligence talks about their sector, what will it say about their company. What was taught The…
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A team from Panama and Spain researches how to measure brand presence in AI

A team from Panama and Spain researches how to measure brand presence in AI

In short: a team of researchers linked to institutions in Panama, Spain, Nicaragua and the United States, led by Néstor Romero, chief operating officer of Centria Group, has completed a scoping review on how brand presence in generative AI answers is measured. The study, under peer review at a Central American scientific journal, concludes that no scientifically validated instrument yet exists to measure that presence, that available metrics fall into seven overlapping families with no common framework, and that Spanish-language literature on the subject is almost invisible to international circuits. The team's next step is to build and validate a…
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Opening a bank account in Panama as a foreigner: what the rule requires and what each bank requires

Opening a bank account in Panama as a foreigner: what the rule requires and what each bank requires

In short: opening a bank account in Panama as a foreigner is legal and increasingly regulated: Agreement 1-2026 of the Superintendency of Banks, in force since July 2026, sets what a bank must ask a foreigner for, a passport with entry stamp, the tax identification number of their country and proof of income, and requires geolocating anyone who opens remotely. What the rule does not set, a bank reference letter and a minimum deposit, each bank decides: from 50 dollars in accounts for residents to 1,000 in international accounts for non-residents. The system is large and open: 49.865 billion dollars…
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Does Panama depend too much on the Canal?

Does Panama depend too much on the Canal?

In short: the Panama Canal delivered 2.965 billion balboas to the National Treasury in fiscal year 2025, a record, and directly accounts for around 3% of GDP, 7.7% when indirect effects are included, according to the IDB. The 2023-2024 drought cut transits by 20% and the State still collected more, because the Canal Authority raised tolls and auctioned slots. With the transport sector growing 14.5% in 2025, the most of any sector, the question Panama avoids is what would happen if the volume stopped coming back: through another drought, a Mexican corridor or a political dispute with the United States.…
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Residency by investment: Panama versus Paraguay, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Portugal and Spain

Residency by investment: Panama versus Paraguay, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Portugal and Spain

In short: the residency-by-investment map changed in two years. Spain closed its golden visa in April 2025, Portugal removed the real estate route in 2023 and in May 2026 raised the citizenship wait to ten years, Uruguay lifted its tax holiday threshold to about two million dollars, and Paraguay launched in April 2026 an investor pass with permanent residency from 70,000 dollars. Panama, with 300,000 dollars in a new property and permanent residency in 30 days since September 2026, sits in the middle on money and at the top on speed. This comparison puts eight countries in one table: minimum…
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